問23
頻出度★★☆
イノベーションは，大きくプロセスイノベーションとプロダクトイノベーションに分けることができる。プロダクトイノベーションの要因として，適切なものはどれか。
平成27年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問23
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 23
Incorrectア
“Efficient production methods” is not about the product itself but about improving how it is made (the How), and it is a typical example of process innovation. It achieves cost reduction, quality improvement, and shorter lead times by reviewing production processes, so it is not a factor of product innovation.
Incorrectイ
Supply chain management (SCM) is a method of managing the entire flow of supply, from procurement through production, logistics, and sales, in an integrated way and optimizing inventory and delivery times. It is an effort to raise the efficiency of business processes, so it is classified on the process innovation side.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ, “Market needs.” Product innovation means creating a product or service that did not exist before, or greatly renewing the functions, quality, or design of an existing product, so as to offer new value to customers. Because it changes what is made (the What), its source is market needs, that is, “what problems customers have and what they want.” Only by accurately grasping market needs can a company reach the result of a new product or service that actually sells. Therefore, ウ is the appropriate factor for product innovation.
Incorrectエ
Value chain management is a method of analyzing a company’s series of activities, such as purchasing, manufacturing, shipping, sales, and service, to grasp which activities generate added value and thereby improve operations. This too is a way of thinking about optimizing activity processes, and it does not refer to innovation of the product itself.
ここがポイント
- Product innovation = innovation of the product or service itself (the What). It starts from market needs and customer requirements, and aims to provide new value through new products and services.
- Process innovation = innovation of how things are made or how work is done (the How). Efficient production methods, SCM, value chain optimization, and the like fall under this, aiming at cost reduction and higher productivity.
用語