問28
頻出度★★☆
生産・販売・調達・経理・人事といった全社の業務を統合的に管理し, 企業全体の経営資源の最適化を図りたい。この目的を実現するために構築する情報システムとして, 適切なものはどれか。
平成27年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問28
ストラテジ系経営戦略マネジメント › 経営管理システム
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 28
Incorrectア
A CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system centrally manages customer information, sales negotiation history, inquiry history, and so on, in order to build good relationships with customers and thereby raise sales and customer satisfaction. Its scope is limited to customer-facing areas such as sales, marketing, and support; it does not provide integrated management of company-wide management resources including production, procurement, accounting, and human resources.
- イ
正解 The correct answer is (イ) ERP system. ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. It is a mechanism and information system that manages the data of all core business operations inside a company — production, sales, procurement, accounting, human resources, and so on — centrally in a single integrated database. If each department builds its own separately optimized system (so-called silos), the same data has to be entered twice and the numbers reported by different departments do not match, so the company-wide situation cannot be grasped in real time. Once an ERP system is introduced, everything from order receipt to production, purchasing, inventory, costing, accounting, and human resources is linked through one set of data, so managers can see the state of the whole company’s resources (people, goods, money, information) across departments and optimize how they are allocated. The purpose stated in the question — to manage company-wide operations in an integrated way and optimize the management resources of the entire enterprise — is exactly the purpose of ERP, while every other choice is a system closed within one specific area.
Incorrectウ
An HRM (Human Resource Management) system manages only resources related to people — recruitment, assignment, evaluation, training, payroll, and the like. Among the operations listed in the question it covers human resources alone, so it does not meet the requirement of company-wide integration that also includes production, sales, procurement, and accounting.
Incorrectエ
An MRP (Material Requirements Planning) system calculates when and how much material must be procured, based on the production plan, the bill of materials (BOM), and inventory status. It specializes in production and materials management in manufacturing. ERP is the idea of extending MRP to the whole company; MRP by itself cannot achieve optimization of the entire enterprise including accounting and human resources.
ここがポイント
- ERP = the concept and the system for managing core operations such as production, sales, procurement, accounting, and human resources centrally in an integrated database, so that the company’s management resources can be allocated optimally. When the keywords company-wide integration and optimization of management resources appear, the answer is ERP.
- Distinguish these acronym systems by their scope: CRM = customer relationships, HRM = human resources (personnel), MRP = material requirements (production and procurement), SCM = supply chain. All of them target a specific area, whereas only ERP spans the entire company — and that is the decisive point for telling them apart.
用語