This question's explanation and your answers so far.
図によって表される企業の組織形態はどれか。
┌──────┐
│ 社長 │
└──┬───┘
┌────────┬────────┼──────────┬──────────┐
┌──┴───┐ ┌─┴──┐ ┌─┴──┐ ┌──┴────┐ ┌──┴────┐
│研究開発│ │製造│ │販売│ │総務・人事│ │経理・財務│
└──────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────────┘ └────────┘A divisional organization divides departments by business unit — such as product, region, or customer — and each division holds a full set of functions like manufacturing and sales within itself, operating on a self-supporting (independent profit-and-loss) basis. In the figure the departments are divided by specialized function, not by business unit, so it does not apply.
An in-house venture organization sets up a highly independent, entrepreneurial team inside the company in order to develop a new business. In the figure there is no special department in charge of a new business — only ordinary functional departments are lined up — so it does not apply.
正解 The figure is an organization chart that places departments divided by specialized function — R&D, Manufacturing, Sales, General Affairs/HR, and Accounting/Finance — directly under the president. This is a functional organization, in which departments are formed by specialized field of work (function), so the correct answer is ウ. Each department focuses on its own area of expertise to carry out its work, while company-wide decision-making is concentrated in the president. Its characteristics are that it is easy to build up expertise and unlikely to produce overlapping departments; on the other hand, coordination between departments and the company-wide optimization perspective tend to depend on the president.
A matrix organization crosses two axes — such as function and project (or product) — so that one member receives commands from two lines of authority, forming a two-dimensional structure. The figure is a single-line tree structure with the president at the top, so it does not apply.