問3
頻出度★★☆
購買, 生産, 販売, 経理, 人事などの企業の基幹業務の全体を把握し, 関連する情報を一元的に管理することによって, 企業全体の経営資源の最適化と経営効率の向上を図るためのシステムはどれか。
平成31年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問3
ストラテジ系経営戦略マネジメント › 経営管理システム
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 3
- ア
正解 “ア ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)” is correct. Rather than having each department hold the company's core business operations—purchasing, production, sales, accounting, and human resources—in separate, disconnected systems, ERP manages the data in a unified way on a single integrated system. As a result, information for each operation is shared across the whole company, and management resources such as people, goods, money, and information can be allocated and used from an overall-optimization perspective, improving management efficiency. The phrases in the question—grasping the entirety of the core business operations, managing information in a unified manner, and optimizing the enterprise's overall management resources—precisely express the aim of ERP, and it matches them.
Incorrectイ
MRP (Material Requirements Planning) is mainly a function of manufacturing and production management that calculates the required quantities of necessary parts and materials and the timing of ordering, based on the production plan. It does not manage the company-wide core business operations—including purchasing, accounting, and human resources—in a unified way, so it is incorrect.
Incorrectウ
SCM (Supply Chain Management) is a concept and mechanism that optimizes the entire supply chain spanning multiple companies, from material procurement through manufacturing, logistics, and sales. Its target is the flow of goods and information across multiple companies, which differs from the question's intent of managing all core business operations within a single company in a unified way to optimize management resources, so it is incorrect.
Incorrectエ
SFA (Sales Force Automation) is a mechanism that manages and shares sales activity information such as negotiations, customers, and deals, supporting improvement of the sales department's productivity. Its scope is limited to sales operations and does not manage the company-wide core business operations such as production, accounting, and human resources in a unified way, so it is incorrect.
ここがポイント
- ERP is an integrated core-business system that integrates a company's core business operations—purchasing, production, sales, accounting, and human resources—and manages information in a unified way to optimize management resources across the whole enterprise.
- Distinguish the scope of similar acronyms: MRP = material requirements planning (production), SCM = optimization of the inter-company supply chain, SFA = sales activity support. If it is unified management of the whole company's core business operations, then it is ERP.
用語