問35
頻出度★★☆
ある製造業では, 後工程から前工程への生産指示や, 前工程から後工程への部品を引き渡す際の納品書として, 部品の品番などを記録した電子式タグを用いる生産方式を採用している。サプライチェーンや内製におけるジャストインタイム生産方式の一つであるこのような生産方式として, 最も適切なものはどれか。
令和3年度 ITパスポート試験 問35
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 35
- ア
正解 The correct answer is “ア Kanban method.” The Kanban method is a typical mechanism of just-in-time (JIT) production, best represented by the Toyota Production System. Part numbers, quantities, and other information are recorded on electronic tags or cards called “kanban,” which serve as production instructions when a downstream process withdraws only the amount it needs from an upstream process, and as delivery slips (physical-item tags) when parts are handed from an upstream process to a downstream process. The descriptions in the question—production instructions from a downstream process to an upstream process, a delivery slip when parts are handed over to a downstream process, recording part numbers on electronic tags, and being one form of JIT—point exactly to the Kanban method itself, so ア is the most appropriate.
Incorrectイ
The craft production method is a low-volume, high-value-added approach in which a skilled craftsman makes a single product by hand from start to finish. It has nothing to do with the JIT mechanism in which a downstream process issues instructions to an upstream process via “kanban,” and it does not match the description in the question.
Incorrectウ
The cell production method is one in which a single worker or a small number of workers assemble a product around a workbench called a “cell,” aiming to respond flexibly to high-mix, low-volume production. It differs from the mechanism in the question, whose essence is inter-process production instructions and withdrawal by electronic tags (kanban).
Incorrectエ
The make-to-stock (forecast-based) production method forecasts demand and produces goods in advance before orders are received (a push type). It is the exact opposite in concept of JIT (a pull type), in which a downstream process withdraws only what it needs from an upstream process and makes only what is needed, when it is needed, in the amount needed. It does not fit the description in the question.
ここがポイント
- Kanban method = a typical mechanism for achieving JIT. It is a pull type in which a downstream process uses “kanban” to instruct an upstream process to produce and withdraw, minimizing inventory.
- Grasp the contrast between JIT (pull type: only what is needed, when it is needed, in the amount needed) and make-to-stock production (push type: producing in advance based on demand forecasts).
用語