SMS is a service for sending and receiving short text messages addressed to a mobile phone number.
A message can reach someone who has no email address, as long as you know their phone number. Because the number of characters is limited, it suits brief contact such as sending a verification code at login.
AnalogyLike a short note that reaches someone with only their phone number, even if you do not know where they live.
How to rememberThe first S in Short Message Service stands for Short. Brevity is right there in the name.
Exam points
Mix-upSMS is addressed to a mobile phone number and email (電子メール) to an email address, and it is email that can carry long text and attachments.
SNS is an internet service where users interact through posts, comments and shares, built on the connections between them.
Posts spread from friends to followers and onward, so information can reach many people at little cost. On the other hand, false information or careless posts can also spread in no time.
AnalogyLike word of mouth in a neighborhood, where news passes from one acquaintance to the next.
How to rememberThe N in Social Networking Service stands for Networking. The web of people itself becomes the route information takes.
Exam points
ExamSNS gives companies and customers, and members among themselves, a place for two-way exchange, and it serves as a way to deepen customer relationships and build attachment to products and brands.
ExamAn in-house SNS lets employees connect across departments and sites and widen their circle of work-related contacts.
Mix-upSMS reaches the person specified by a phone number, while an SNS post spreads along connections to many users.
The sharing economy (シェアリングエコノミー) is an economic system in which individuals or companies lend or offer idle assets, or people's skills and spare time, to others through online matching.
Provider lists idle goods or time
Matching service connects users
User uses what is needed and pays
Provider earns, idle resources get used
Providers earn income from goods or time that sat idle, and those resources are put to good use in society.
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For users, the benefit is not having to own things they rarely use. For providers, goods and time that sat idle turn into income.
How to rememberA word made by joining share and economy.
Exam points
ExamThe sharing economy (シェアリングエコノミー) works because an online matching system connects providers with users.
Mix-upWork sharing (ワークシェアリング) is an employment approach that shortens each person's working hours so more people share the work, and it deals with something different from the sharing economy, which brokers assets, skills and time.
A lifelog (ライフログ) means recording and storing a person's daily activities as digital data, and also the records produced this way.
Data such as steps, sleep and location logged by devices and services, as well as diaries and posts a person writes, all count as a lifelog if they record that person's activities. The collected data can be used for health management or for recommending products that match a person's tastes.
AnalogyLike a ship's logbook, it lets you trace afterward when and where a person did what.
How to rememberRemember it by how the word is built: a log whose subject is a person's life.
Exam points
ExamBesides the stored records themselves, lifelog (ライフログ) is also used for the technique of continuously recording a person's activities.
An information bank (情報銀行) is a business that holds and manages personal data under a contract with the person and provides it to third-party companies within the scope of the person's consent.
Person deposits data and sets terms
Information bank holds and manages data
Checks the company fits, then provides
Company uses it, benefit returns to person
The company uses the data in its services, and something of value is returned to the person.
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The person does not have to research each recipient company one by one, yet the data is still put to use on the terms they set. Decisions about recipients follow the person's instructions or the conditions the person has stated.
AnalogyLike a bank where you deposit money and leave its management to them, except what you deposit is data.
A PDS (personal data store, パーソナルデータストア) is a system in which people store and manage their own data by their own choice and themselves control whether it is provided to third parties.
In a PDS, the person sets which companies may see which parts of their data. It also covers gathering one's own data held by other businesses and placing it under one's own control.
AnalogyLike a locked safe that belongs only to you. You hold the key, so you decide who sees what.
How to rememberIt stands for Personal Data Store, and the Store at the end of the name means a place to keep things.
Exam points
Mix-upWith a PDS the person chooses the recipients themselves, while with an information bank (情報銀行) a business acting on the person's mandate judges recipients according to the person's conditions.
Information bank vs. PDS
Aspect
Information bank
PDS
Key differenceWho manages the data
A business entrusted by the person
The person themselves
How recipients are decided
The business judges by the person's conditions
The person sets it themselves
Form
A business that holds and provides data
A system that stores and manages data
Key points
SNS is used not only for interaction between individuals but also by companies as a place to build ties with customers and employees.
The sharing economy values using only what you need, when you need it, over owning things.
Personal data such as a lifelog is put to use under the person's consent or instructions through mechanisms such as an information bank or a PDS.
Because records of a person's activities reveal the details of their life, both those who collect them and those who use them need to respect privacy.