Learn in the textbookStatistical Analysis and Inference
DefinitionA target variable (目的変数) is a variable on the outcome side (output side) that you want to predict or explain using explanatory variables.
ExplanationIt is also called a dependent variable (従属変数), and in regression analysis it is the value the equation produces. The quantity you actually want to find out is the one you set as the target variable.
AnalogyThink of the treasure chest at the end of a treasure hunt. You follow the map and clues (explanatory variables), and the place you are trying to reach is the target variable.